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The skill of making beautiful and stylish handwriting is called Calligraphy which requires skilled penmanship.
The literal concept of the term calligraphy is gorgeous writing. Books were designed in calligraphy up to the invention of printing machines. Using quill and ink the handwriting was written onto materials like parchment or vellum. There are three main styles of calligraphy which are prevailing now. Arabic, Chinese - referred to as oriental style and Western or Roman are most popular modern calligraphy styles. The range of calligraphy includes simple hand lettering to art work pieces in which the expression from the handwritten mark may take precedence over the legibility from the letters. Typography should not be confused with calligraphy.
Wedding and event invitations, maps and other works involving writing, use modern calligraphy. Today's calligraphy has little to do with the artistic discipline of every character. It is simply good penmanship that draws attention and has a distinct type of its own. This type of calligraphy is called �modern calligraphy� or �New York Calligraphy �, developed by the brand new York calligrapher Anne Robin. Find more info at [1]
Latin calligraphy or the writing system along with Greek and Cyrillic writing product is known as Western Calligraphy. Early alphabets had evolved by about 3000 BC. Long, heavy rolls of papyrus were substituted with the Romans using the first books, initially by simple folded pages of parchment made from animal skins. In the beginning reed pens were used for calligraphy which was subsequently substituted with quill pens.
Prolific copying from the Bible, specially the New Testament and other sacred texts gave a boost to the growth and development of Calligraphy. Monks in Ireland and Scotland used Uncial letters in their calligraphy also is referred to as Insular Type of Calligraphy. Illuminated manuscript was considered the zenith of western calligraphy in Northern Europe during 7th to 9th Century. Alcuin, the Abbot of York undertook a significant revision of types of script and all sorts of texts to spread the art of beautiful writing. Also, he developed a new style called �Carolingian Minuscule" style named after his patron in Charlemagne.
12th Century saw the development of Blackletter also known as Gothic script. After the invention of printing by Gutenberg in the 15th century, hand-written and hand-decorated books become less common. Using a sharp pointed nib instead of the flat nib a new style called copperplate was invented in 15th Century. It resembles the etchings of engraved copper hence the name copperplate.