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The skill of making beautiful and elegant handwriting is known as Calligraphy which requires skilled penmanship.
The literal concept of the term calligraphy is beautiful writing. Books were written in calligraphy up until the invention of printing machines. Using quill and ink the handwriting was written onto materials like parchment or vellum. There are three main styles of calligraphy which are prevailing now. Arabic, Chinese - referred to as oriental style and Western or Roman are most popular modern calligraphy styles. The plethora of calligraphy includes simple hand lettering to art work pieces where the expression of the handwritten mark might take precedence within the legibility from the letters. Typography shouldn't be wrongly identified as calligraphy.
Wedding and event invitations, maps and other works involving writing, use modern calligraphy. Today's calligraphy has little to do with the artistic discipline of each character. It is simply good penmanship that draws attention and it has a distinct style of its own. This type of calligraphy is called �modern calligraphy� or �New York Calligraphy �, created by the New York calligrapher Anne Robin. Find more info at [1]
Latin calligraphy or the writing system together with Greek and Cyrillic writing product is known as Western Calligraphy. Early alphabets had evolved by about 3000 BC. Long, heavy rolls of papyrus were replaced by the Romans using the first books, initially by simple folded pages of parchment produced from animal skins. At first reed pens were used for calligraphy that was subsequently substituted with quill pens.
Prolific copying of the Bible, specially the New Testament and other sacred texts gave a lift to the growth and development of Calligraphy. Monks in Ireland and Scotland used Uncial letters within their calligraphy also is referred to as Insular Type of Calligraphy. Illuminated manuscript was considered the zenith of western calligraphy in Northern Europe during 7th to 9th Century. Alcuin, the Abbot of York undertook a significant revision of types of script and all sorts of texts to spread the art of beautiful writing. He also developed a new style called �Carolingian Minuscule" style named after his patron in Charlemagne.
12th Century saw the development of Blackletter also referred to as Gothic script. Following the invention of printing by Gutenberg within the 15th century, hand-written and hand-decorated books dwindle common. Using a sharp pointed nib rather than the flat nib a new style called copperplate was invented in 15th Century. It resembles the etchings of engraved copper hence the name copperplate.