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The skill of making beautiful and stylish handwriting is known as Calligraphy which requires skilled penmanship.
The literal meaning of the term calligraphy is gorgeous writing. Books were written in calligraphy up to the invention of printing machines. Using quill and ink the handwriting was written onto materials like parchment or vellum. You will find three main types of calligraphy which are prevailing now. Arabic, Chinese - referred to as oriental style and Western or Roman are most widely used modern calligraphy styles. The range of calligraphy includes simple hand lettering to art work pieces where the expression from the handwritten mark might take precedence over the legibility from the letters. Typography shouldn't be confused with calligraphy.
Wedding and event invitations, maps and other works involving writing, use modern calligraphy. Today's calligraphy has little related to the artistic discipline of every character. It's just good penmanship that draws attention and it has a distinct style of its very own. This kind of calligraphy is called �modern calligraphy� or �New York Calligraphy �, created by the New York calligrapher Anne Robin. Find more information at [1]
Latin calligraphy or even the writing system together with Greek and Cyrillic writing product is referred to as Western Calligraphy. Early alphabets had evolved by about 3000 BC. Long, heavy rolls of papyrus were replaced by the Romans with the first books, initially by simple folded pages of parchment produced from animal skins. At first reed pens were used for calligraphy which was subsequently substituted with quill pens.
Prolific copying from the Bible, particularly the New Testament along with other sacred texts gave a boost towards the growth and development of Calligraphy. Monks in Ireland and Scotland used Uncial letters in their calligraphy also is known as Insular Style of Calligraphy. Illuminated manuscript was considered the zenith of western calligraphy in Northern Europe during 7th to 9th Century. Alcuin, the Abbot of York undertook a major revision of styles of script and all sorts of texts to spread the skill of beautiful writing. Also, he developed a new style called �Carolingian Minuscule" style named after his patron in Charlemagne.
12th Century saw the development of Blackletter also known as Gothic script. After the invention of printing by Gutenberg in the 15th century, hand-written and hand-decorated books dwindle common. Using a sharp pointed nib rather than the flat nib a brand new style called copperplate was invented in 15th Century. It resembles the etchings of engraved copper hence the name copperplate.